societhf Seclusion from Society :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Huckleberry Finn – Seclusion from Society Imagine the amount of freedom one feels as they drift down a river voluntarily stranded on a raft. The thought of it is relaxing to the mind, but actually experiencing it for yourself is a whole new happening. The freedom, no worries, no sounds but the noise of the river water rushing and the sounds of boat horns off in the distance. In Mark Twain's novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the author effectively symbolizes the river as a place outside of society. In the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Twain uses the river as an escape from society for the characters Huck and Jim. Twain is showing examples of his own life through the character Huck. The reason for saying this is that Twain had grown up amongst many rivers in his life time, including "a New York town named Riverdale which is now a part of the Bronx, New York City's northernmost borough, Riverdale was a separate residential community when Mark Twain rented a house there in 1901."(Rasmussen, 391) Twain loved the water so much that he piloted many steamboats on the Mississippi River. The last steamboat on which Twain worked as a pilot was the "Alonzo Child." "The Alonzo Child was a 493-ton side-wheeler, the Child was built in Jeffersonville, Indiana for the Missouri river trade around 1856" (Rasmussen, 8). This is an example of how Twain lived by many rivers and how Twain used the river to get away from society. In Twain's novel the character Boggs shows an excellent example of someone who is lost and uses seclusion as an escape from society. "In chapter twenty-one, Huck is idling in the scruffy village of Bricksville, when Boggs charges in on a horse during his monthly drunk. A red faced man in his in his fifties. Boggs rides about wildly hurling insults and threats proclaiming that he has come to kill Colonel Sherburn."(Rasmussen, 39) This shows that people don't give him as much respect as he would like because when he gets drunk he acts very irresponsible and he is a bad role model. There for Boggs secludes himself to his home to hide his embarrassment.

Descriptive statistic Essay

Table 1 shows the descriptive statistics about the 74 models of automobiles released in the year 1978, these include the automobiles’ price, mileage, repair record, headroom, trunk space, weight, length, turn circle, displacement and the gear ratio with its corresponding results. In terms of automobiles’ price, it ranges to $3,291.00 up to $15,906.00 for the period of the said year. Its average price is $6,165.26 with a standard deviation of $2,949.50. It can be seen that prices are not close by to one another. With regards to mileage, the majority of the automobiles runs 41 miles for every gallon of gasoline, while the least runs only for 12 miles. The mean of mileage has resulted to 21.30 mpg, with a standard deviation of 5.79 mpg. As to the variable repair record it can be seen that only 69 were observed out of the 74 automobiles. The highest occurrence of repairs made is five times, whereas the least occurs only one time. The average repair recorded is 3.41 times wh ile its standard deviation is only .98. It is also seen the data about the portion of automobiles’ headroom in inches. The automobile recorded with the largest headroom has 5 inches size however the smallest only got 1.5 inches. Further, the average headroom is 2.99 inches, changing at a standard deviation of .85. Respectively, the trunk of automobiles is given measured in cubic feet. The largest trunk noted has a 23 cu. ft. of space, on the other hand the least has a size of 5 cu. ft. The mean size of the trunk got a 13.76 cu. ft. having a standard deviation of 4.28 cu. ft. The automobiles’ weight resulted with the heaviest model got a 4,840 lbs. while the lightest among them weighs 1,760 lbs. The average weight of automobiles recorded is 3.019.46 lbs. A standard deviation of 777.19. While the measurement of automobiles’ length got a longest and shortest measure of 233 inches and 142 inches, respectively. The average length of the automobiles is 187.93 inches with a standard deviation of 22.27 inches. The highest measure of turn circles gathered is 51 ft. while, the lowest gathered measure is 31 ft. The average measurement of turn circles is 39.65 ft. varying at a standard deviation of 4.40 ft. As to the measurement of the displacement, the highest got a size of 425 cu. in. and the least got a size of 79 cu. in. The average measurement is 197.30 cu. in. and a standard  deviation of 91.84 in.cu. The gear ratio shows a result that its average/mean is 3.01. It ranges to 2.19 up to 3.89 with a standard deviation of .46.

McDonalds Affect on the Obesity of Latin America - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3044 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/03/22 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Obesity Essay Obesity in America Essay Did you like this example? Abstract Multinational companies, such as Nestle and McDonalds, are having effects that can be seen around the world. These companies are selling their sugar-filled products, affecting the health of countries as a whole, especially in Latin American countries. McDonalds is negatively affecting the people of countries throughout Latin America, which are experiencing a rise in obesity, since these countries economies cannot account for the healthier foods in the US, so the lesser people rely on the fast food companies to feed themselves. Latin America has many health issues, involving multinational food companies, which is leading to a rise in obesity and health-related diseases throughout all of Latin America. Latin America has the worst obesity issue in all economically developing countries, while the US has been passed as the country with the greatest overweight percentages by Mexico, with other Latin American countries following closely behind. In turn, more Latin American people are facing premature deaths based on obesity issues, while related diseases, such as diabetes and cancer, are also on the rise. Health organizations and communities are trying to solve obesity issues now, called a rich-world disease, as it has become more serious than other diseases such as fevers of Aids (Latin Americas Weight Problem). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "McDonalds Affect on the Obesity of Latin America" essay for you Create order Latin America is slowly becoming the region leading the world in cases of obesity and other diseases. If Latin America does not do something about this soon, then they will have more and more deaths in their region. Studies reveal that too much sugar in junk foods is the cause of many health-related problems. The University of California in San Francisco found that if 10% of the consumption of sugar was reduced in the US, then over 240,000 cases of diabetes would be avoided, while also stopping other deaths by health issues. The food industry of the United States has successfully prevented labels for food with genetically modified foods and so one can assume other enforcements on their products would have a similar reaction (Latin America Leads the Fight against Junk Food with the US on the Sidelines). The studies found that if a little amount of sugar was removed from junk foods, there would be thousands of less cases of health-related diseases in the United States and Latin America. This can be used to show how big of an effect there would be if junk food laws and restrictions were slightly reduced. Rising incomes and consumption of fat have been shown to have direct correlations. Multinational food companies are now gearing their marketing towards these areas, simply because of the rise in incomes, using marketing and distribution tactics to further market and sell their products in Latin America (Latin Americas Weight Problem). Since Latin American countries have mostly lower incomes than that of the United States, multinational companies are now targeting them as their incomes are rising. This is due to the fact that fast food is cheaper than healthy foods and Latin Americans do not want to enter poverty again, so they are trying to buy cheaper options, whether they are healthy or not. This issue of obesity levels in Latin America not only has health, but also has its own economic consequences. Chile and Mexico have the highest rates of processed food consumption than anywhere else in Latin America. About 33% of children and 70% of adults are overweight in Latin America, which is about equal to rates in the US. Now these countries have to pay lots of money for health issues, which is costing the government as part of their public health programs (Latin Americas Weight Problem). Since many Latin Americans are becoming obese, the government has to pay for public healthcare for the obese people, which is resulting in a big debt for the country, as more and more people need healthcare as the government loses more and more money. As Latin America is a country rising in economic status, while more and more people have higher incomes, processed food companies are targeting the people of Latin America, who can now afford much more. Processed food companies see Latin America as a major market for processed food sales, now that other foods are being reduced in their sales, according to Jean-Claude Mourbarac, an expert in nutritional fields. The processed food markets are rising because of people moving to cities, increased annual incomes, and growth in cities (Ultra-Processed Foods Are Driving the Obesity Epidemic in Latin America Says New PAHO/WHO Report). Other companies are stopping sales in their products, since they simply were not selling before in Latin America, which gives multinational processed food companies the opportunity to sell their cheaper junk food products, as more people move to urban developments. The report claims that processed foods and drinks in Latin America are impacting their obesity ra tes. The sales of these products per capita has generally increased over the last decade, while sales in North America have gone down. Over this same time period, the body weight of the population increased, which shows that the growing rates of processed food sales and obesity rates are correlated (Ultra-Processed Foods Are Driving the Obesity Epidemic in Latin America Says New PAHO/WHO Report). The report showed that the processed food companies are directly affecting the obesity of Latin Americans. They have had a steady increase in sales throughout Latin America over the last decade, in both sales and obesity rates. Obesity rates are directly in proportion to sales of processed foods, showing how the two are directly correlated. This effect can be seen in Chile and Mexico. In Mexico and Chile, where processed food sales were highest in Latin America, the body mass of the population increased. In countries such as Bolivia and Peru, where the sales were phenomenally lower, the body mass was lower as well. However, both body mass and sales of these foods have increased throughout all of Latin America as a whole (Ultra-Processed Foods Are Driving the Obesity Epidemic in Latin America Says New PAHO/WHO Report). In those two countries, the highest body masses throughout all of Latin America were found there. In other countries where the sales were lower, obesity rates were lower, which shows how the two are correlated and how junk food can be directly associated with an increase in obesity rates. Multinational food companies fight with government officials, saying that their junk food is necessary for the poor to get their dietary needs. They emphasize how they play the role of investors, employers, and they contribute to economic growth. They, however, do not want to have legal challenges against certain laws regarding junk food, because it will make them look like poor citizens as a corporation (Junk Food Feels the Heat in Latin America). In order to make sure that their products are still allowed to be sold, the multinational companies are fighting to make sure that their junk foods can still be sold, which in turn is increasing the rate of obesity throughout all of Latin America. McDonalds has a big presence throughout Latin America, while it is a multinational company, and this may be contributing to obesity in Latin America. Nestle is part of a transformation in the food system, bringing packaged food and soft drinks to the poverty stricken and smaller parts of Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Multinational companies are spreading in developing countries, bringing new, unhealthy diets from Brazil to India (How Big Business Got Brazil Hooked on Junk Food). Multinational companies, such as Nestle and McDonalds, are spreading chains throughout countries where poverty is seen, but also a rising economy, so that they can benefit off of the uprising economy. They bring products that are cheap and easily available, so that they might be able to sell their products to those both in poverty and out of poverty in areas where the economy is rising. Diets in Latin America have recently changed due to changes in the food system the Latin American people have gone from eating farm and barely processed foods, to eating nothing but at processed and retail and food services, or fast food chains and restaurants (Obesity and the Food System Transformation in Latin America). With this coming change from healthy options to junk foods, multinational companies, such as the likes of McDonalds, are able to thrive in areas like Latin America, who are switching from a very cultural diet to one consisting mainly of fast food and cheaper options, for areas with poverty and rising economies. McDonalds created the chain Arcos Dorados as a Latin American Company, slowly becoming their biggest franchise ever. They now manage approximately 2,119 franchise restaurants, 335 McCafe restaurants, and 2,526 pastry stores in about 20 countries in South America. McDonalds started sales in Mexico in 1985 and it now has 500 restaurants in over 87 of their cit ies. Arcos Dorados was made to benefit off of the economy of Latin America. It provides food for areas where money is a privilege and it creates cheaper opportunities for those wishing to save the little money they have. However, this option is much unhealthier, which is in correlation to the rising rates of obesity in Latin America. According to the chart given, it shows that Arcos Dorados, Spanish for the Golden Arches, a McDonalds affiliate, has around 1,777 stores as of 2012, with a revenue of $4.4 billion dollars. This is revenue is a 24.7% increase in revenue from the previous year (Why Im Buying the McDonalds of Latin America). The graph shows that since Arcos Dorados is expanding, it is becoming readily available for those living throughout Latin America. This creates cheaper options for poverty-stricken areas, and an easier way to acquire food in Latin America. However, this is leading to an increase in obesity rates, and some believe that McDonalds is causing a rise in obesity of both children and adults. For example, he chief executive of Arcos Dorados, Woods Staton, fights against the argument that McDonalds uses their toys and play ares to get children to start their eating habits, slowly becoming obese. He says that Arcos Dorados has healthy options, with all extra salt, sugar, and fat within guidelines of the universal dietary laws (Junk Food Feels the Heat in Latin America). Many people in Latin America argue that McDonalds is luring their children into their restaurants, hoping to give them something very unhealthy so that their children might have health issues later in life. This correlation can be seen between the amount of sales of Arcos Dorados and the rate of obesity in Latin America. People throughout Latin America have personal stories about how they have been affected by McDonalds, relating to health issues and obesity, sometimes even leading to unconscious eating habits. The mother of the child from Brazil was happy when her son gained weight, shortly after he experienced his first french fry from McDonalds. She thought that it was a good thing for toddlers to become fatter. She gave in to his dietary habits, consisting of fast food and little fruits or vegetables (How Big Business Got Brazil Hooked on Junk Food). The mother believed that McDonalds was helping her son grow, so that he could pack some weight on as a young baby. However, this was not just baby fat; her son was becoming overweight at a young age. This sort of effect can be seen all over Latin America, as over 30% of children in Latin America are obese. A mother states that when her son was young, he would not eat unless she gave him unhealthy processed foods by Nestle. The mother has high blood pressure and other health related issues, while her 17-year old daughter weighs over 250 pounds, and has many health related issues including a hormone disorder linked to obesity Other relatives have issues related to health: her mother, two sisters, and her husband. Her father also died from a health related issue originating from diabetes and other issues (How Big Business Got Brazil Hooked on Junk Food). Another mother started to raise her son on unhealthy foods by Nestle, a multinational company which also uses processed foods much like McDonalds. The majority of her family suffered from health issues, which can all be traced back to their eating habits, which can be seen in Latin America through the case of Arcos Dorados. Although obesity rates throughout Latin America are rising, health organizations and schools are finding new ways to fight against this obesity. Latin American countries are now incorporating new rules and laws in relation to reducing obesity in the population and preventing the chances of childhood obesity cases, by taxing sugary drinks, including more activity around the countries, and labeling packages with nutritional information on the front [Findings on Obesity Discussed by L. Cominato and Co-Researchers (Obesity Prevention: Strategies and Challenges in Latin America)]. Countries are finding new ways to stop the obesity by making new rules and regulations regarding sugary drinks, so that unhealthy food items like those sold at McDonalds might not be bought as often, in an effort to end obesity. For example, Chile is enforcing a new system that will force food makers to put warning labels on food products if these products are high in certain health-related fields, such as sugar, salt, etc. They are also banning advertisements of unhealthy products geared towards children. Marion Nestle from New York University says this is a great idea and it is the first idea of its kind (Latin America Leads the Fight Against Junk Food With the US on the Sidelines). Chiles new rules will prevent certain companies from not labeling there items, when they previously could, so buyers will now know what is contained in the food products they are eating. This effort could bring an end to most of the sales of processed and unhealthy foods, decreasing health issues throughout Chile, and someday all of Latin America. Regulations in Latin America are making it the worlds most popular place to experiment new regulations to stop consumers from buying processed foods.Last year, Mexico passed a tax of one peso for every liter of soft drinks sold, in an effort to fight the countrys obesity rates. Other Latin American countries regulated and banned McDonalds from selling their meals to children through the use of a childs toy. Peru, Costa Rica, and Uruguay have banned unhealthy foods from being possessed in high schools since 2012, while other countries, such as Ecuador, use a food labeling system to stop consumers from buying unhealthy products. Latin America is now being used to test new regulations, since there are already so many obese and health related issues there. Mexicos tax is only the beginning of an era of taxes on unhealthy foods to urge customers not to buy unhealthy items that companies might offer. To prevent McDonalds from targeting their unhealthy meals at children, they have banned their toys and processed foods in high schools in an effort to cut the rate of health problems in Latin America. A study in Brazil is being undertaken to find how Latin American countries can find ways to reduce obesity levels. The studys purpose is to decrease the average weight of a population within Latin American countries, while also demanding action be taken by the government of those countries [Findings on Obesity Discussed by L. Cominato and Co-Researchers (Obesity Prevention: Strategies and Challenges in Latin America)]. Brazil is studying new ways to reduce levels of obesity, which may eventually be used to end the sales of unhealthy products, but also to tell customers to buy the healthier options, decreasing the average weight in Latin America. A major political front was established when the government of certain Latin American countries were aiming to enforce limitations to stop disease and obesity from spreading. The regulations included advertisements that alert customers about certain unhealthy factors in processed foods, hoping to stop companies from aiming commercials selling sugary drinks and unhealthy foods to children and other adults (How Big Business Got Brazil Hooked on Junk Food). These new regulations and laws that are demanded by many are bringing along a new battle of politics, as candidates for political positions aim to either bring about new regulations or stop them from being passed, as part of their campaign. The regulations that are wanted by many would prevent certain group s from being targeted by unhealthy product advertisements, hoping to end the health problems of Latin America, through the field of politics. In conclusion, the obesity rate in Latin America is on a major incline and if we do not try to fix it sooner rather than later, it will continue to rise until it is too late. This is because McDonalds is very successful in Latin America and has had a recent rise in Latin America, growing in number recently. Therefore, by trying new healthier options and creating new franchises to combat against multinational organizations like McDonalds, Latin America can combat obesity and other health related diseases. Works Cited Latin Americas Weight Problem. LatAm Investor, 18 Jan. 2015, latam-investor.com/2015/01/latin-americas-weight-problem/#. Argersinger, Matthew. Why Im Buying the McDonalds of Latin America. The Motley Fool, 13 Feb. 2012, www.fool.com/investing/international/2012/02/13/why-im-buying-the-mcdonalds-of-latin-america.aspx. Accessed 1 Nov. 2018. Blinch, Russ. Latin America Leads the Fight against Junk Food with the US on the Sidelines. The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 17 Feb. 2014, www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/food-blog/latin-america-junk-food-us-sugar-tax-obesity. Findings on Obesity Discussed by L. Cominato and Co-Researchers (Obesity Prevention: Strategies and Challenges in Latin America). Obesity, Fitness Wellness Week, 16 June 2018, p. 1192. General OneFile, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A542027383/GPS?u=jeff53810sid=GPSxid=39719a3c. Accessed 22 Oct. 2018. Guthrie, Amy. Junk Food Feels the Heat in Latin America. The Wall Street Journal, Dow Jones Company, 27 Dec. 2013, www.wsj.com/articles/junk-food-feels-the-heat-in-latin-america-1388177446. Jacobs, Andrew, and Matt Richtel. How Big Business Got Brazil Hooked on Junk Food. The New York Times, The New York Times, 16 Sept. 2017, www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/09/16/health/brazil-obesity-nestle.html./ Popkin, B. M., and T. Reardon. Obesity and the Food System Transformation in Latin America. Obesity Reviews, Wiley/Blackwell (10.1111), 24 Apr. 2018, onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/obr.12694. Ultra-Processed Foods Are Driving the Obesity Epidemic in Latin America, Says New PAHO/WHO Report. Targeted News Service, 3 Sept. 2015. Infotrac Newsstand, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A427545073/GPS?u=jeff53810sid=GPSxid=26a84b52. Accessed 22 Oct. 2018.

The Government Is A Democracy - 1374 Words

Our own government has become too corrupt to be called a democracy. A Princeton study claims our government is more like an oligarchy than it is a democracy at this point. An oligarchy is a form of government in which a small amount of people have more control than the population. â€Å"The opinions of the bottom 90% of income earners in America has essentially no impact at all (Princeton).† The main contributor of this is money in politics. For decades our elected officials have been increasingly more influenced by big money. Politicians now create legislation that favors the rich and ignores the will of the majority. Money has also become a driving force for congressmen to stay in office. Not necessarily because they are greedy individuals but because if they do not raise enough money someone else will. We cannot sit idly by. If we do we are letting those with power know we do not care and that we have become automatons. 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The Image of Women in the Eighteenth Century Essay

The image of women in the Eightieth The environment is having a very big effect to people surrounded by it. The way parents treated their child will have a direct influent on whom and what they want to become in the future. The relations of people to a person might lead that person to their ruin. From A Rose For Emily and The Yellow Wallpaper, we can see very clearly the evident that lead these women to their tragic ending. In A Rose For Emily by William Faulkner, a noble woman being isolated from people in her town and because of loneliness she end up insane and have a tragic life. Also in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, the narrator is being restricted to all her favorite things and that leads her to†¦show more content†¦Her first appearance of insanity when her father died, since he was the only one that closed to her so she refused to accept that hes dead: She told them that her father was not dead. 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Kashmir Issue Free Essays

These claims are often reinforced with partisan interpretation of history and selective evidence. The real attitude and concrete policies towards the dispute, however, are often governed by perception of short term â€Å"national interests† as defined by dominant political elite of the two countries the interests that apparently are irreconcilable and non-negotiable. While each side sticks to its claims over Kashmir, the Kashmiri Muslims continue to pay a heavy price for their defiant struggle against overwhelming odds in order to exercise their right of self determination. We will write a custom essay sample on Kashmir Issue or any similar topic only for you Order Now For more than half a century the Kashmiris are oscillating between uncertainty and destitution. They continue to suffer misery and repression under illegal Indian occupation, and despite a stream of strong words and resolutions passed by the Security Council the Kashmir issue is still a bone o f contention between Pakistan and India. Rather the situation has taken a quantum leap for the worse. Indian has conceded the Security Council resolutions vindicating the right of self determination for the Kashmiris but has since reneged on its solemn commitment to the international community and the people of Kashmir. The brutal and blatant Indian repression and state sponsored terrorism against innocent Kashmiri men, women and children had few parallels in the annals of history. The valley has become a festering sore and the miseries of the oppressed people of this valley and the â€Å"terror let loose† by Indian forces is not less cataclysmic in nature than that of Jaliawala massacre ordered by infamous General Rex Dyer. In spite of facing all these hazards, the freedom fighters are exuberant. They have not only caused the military and political debacle to India but they have also done irreparable damage to Indian’s much touted and trumpeted secularism. Would it be too much to assume that Kashmir might well be the graveyard of Indian secularism. Unless sanity prevails to make the B.. P leadership realize the sheer folly o f their politico military aggression against the Kashmiris. In the name of freedom and self determination, the Kashmiris are being inured, mutilated and killed, their women raped, and their children robbed of hope for a better future. The dispute has shattered their economy polarized their society and festered a culture of violence among the people known for their non violent character. But the Kashmiris are not only the one’s who suffer from the adverse consequences of the dispute. Millions in Pakistan and India re paying a high cost form direct or indirect effects of this issue. Both counties spend huge and unaffordable resources on defence which could be spent more productively on improving the lot of their people. The Kashmir issue has also led both counties to use their limited scientific knowledge and skills to develop weapons of mass destruction exposing them the an unimaginable holocaust. The dispute and military activities related to it have strengthened the pre-existing culture of violence, promoted glorification of material values and intensified the desire to take revenge from the enemy for the past humiliations. The culture will be a breeding ground for future conflicts between the two countries. Even if the Kashmir problem itself is somehow solved. The Kashmiris have long history of sufferings and oppression, the worst chapter of which was written by the Dogra rule, particularly from 1931 onwards. Contrary to their hopes the partition of the sub-continent and the emergence of two new states, instead of ending the woes of Kashmiris, multiplied them. Since then they have suffered the consequences of three wars, well documented atrocities by the Indian army since 1989 and often violent activities of the militants, a umber of them religiously motivated non Kashmiris. Since the days of Muslim Mughal Empire, Kashmir has got a prominent Muslim majority population. There are more than eighty percent Muslims and the Hindu population is less than twenty percent. Unfortunately, on the fall of Mughal Empire, the State fell to the British East Company in 1840, which sold it to the Sikh traitor â€Å"Raja Gulab Singh† in 1846, as reward for his betrayal of the Sikhs at a very negligible price of Rs. 75 lac. Hence onward the Muslim population of Kashmir came under continuous torment of the cruel Sikh rulers. They tried to strengthened their hold on the State with the singular aim of shattering the will of their Muslim subjects, crushing their religious zeal. They cowed them down into accepting the slavery of the Hindu minority. The genesis of the Kashmir issue is that in August 1947, when partition of the sub-continent took place, Lord Mountbatten, the viceroy of undivided India, influenced Radcliff into awarding the predominantly Muslim district of Gurdaspur, situated in the East Punjab, to India. By this treacherous act, admitted by Lord Mountbatten himself on nation wide British television, the cruel Viceroy not only subjected a Muslim majority area to the cursed Hindu domination, it also sowed the seed from which could crop up the domination of India on another predominantly Muslim State Kashmir, because it is only through a narrow strap in the Gurdaspur district that India was linked with Kashmir. The canker in no time cropped up into the â€Å"Kashmir Problem† that has ever since proved to be a serious threat to the security of the South Asian region. Pakistan has made a lot of efforts to break the strangled hold of India on Kashmir, including third party’s mediations but the fate of Kashmiris is still trembling in the balance. The first effort was made when immediate after partition India airlifted its forces to Srinagar. When Quaid-e-Azam was informed he ordered Incharge of Pak Army General Gracy, to send forces to Srinagar but the General refused to do so. Mujahideen tried their level best to capture the valley but they were defeated by Indian army as they were not well equipped and trained. Then India took this dispute to the Security Council. The Security Council decided that a plebiscite must be held in Kashmir. At that time India agreed but after sometime she backed out of her promise. In 1962 Pakistan lost a golden opportunity to conquer Kashmir during Indo-china war. As India requested President Kennedy of America to influence Pakistan for not taking any step regarding Kashmir during Indo-China war. Kennedy pressurized Ayub Khan and he accepted the America influence on these conditions that after Indo-China war America would help in resolving the Kashmir issue through discussion. In this regard after the Indo-China war Sheikh Abdullah came to Pakistan to initiate some discussion on Kashmir. During his tour of Pakistan Jawahar Lal Nehru died and he had to rush back. Ayub Khan tried to atone for his mistake and he prepared five thousand gorillas form army to capture Kashmir. This operation was given the name of â€Å"operation Gibraltar† and it was done in 1965. All these gorillas caused a lot of destruction in the valley but at least they all were captured or killed by the Indian forces due to lack of planning. In revenge, India made heavy shelling on Awan Sharif, a village near border. In response to this incident Pakistani forces along with Azad Kashmir forces crossed the ceasefire line by making official announcement. During this war of 1965, at one stage the Pakistani forces advanced upto Akhnoor and they were in a position to capture Srinagar as well but under Soviet Union’s influence Ayub Khan declared ceasefire. In this way Pakistan also lost this opportunity to get Kashmir. The Indian areas occupied by the Pakistani forces were also given bank to India according to â€Å"Tashkent Accord†. After this war, tension mounted between the two countries upto this extent that they had another war in 1971. This war resulted in separation of East Pakistan as an independent State now known as Bangladesh. The Kashmiri freedom fighters took inspiration from brave freedom fighting display of Afghanis and an upgrade uprising began in the valley. But due to lack of planning and poor diplomatic approach, this brilliant tactical move ended in a terrible strategic blunder. Before Kargil episode, international opinion was focused on Indian army repression in Kashmir. What a pity that Kargil changed this focus completely. India achieved the world’s sympathies through its excellent diplomatic policies and quickly made propaganda against Pakistan mainly through its electronic media. On the other hand Pakistan became isolated in international politics and even China the most reliable friend of Pakistan gave a cold shoulder in these circumstances. The ex-Prime Minister of Pakistan had to call off the whole operation due to huge international pressure. The most unfortunate aspect of the whole Kargil operation was tht although jawans, officers and Mujahideen won the war at Kargil hills, yet they had to descend as Pakistani government lost this war on the diplomatic front. The great uprising is still going on in the valley. Pakistan tried to internationalize the Kashmiri freedom fighting and inhuman behavior of Indian forces through Kargil operation in 1999. Under this scenario of events, it is clear that a change in policy direction is necessary. New objectives have to be formed. Almost certainly the wings of our hawks have to clipped. For this purpose the following steps can be taken: One, the line of control can be transformed into the international border between Pakistan and India . India itself has been moving in this direction for a while now- in the event of its inability to stamp out the freedom struggle in Kashmir. This option is, from the Indian perspective, the least disturbing and the most aligned to its prevailing Kashmir stance. However, despite this option having support amongst some Western analysts, it is unworkable. This is because the line of control has never been accepted by the Kashmiris. Rather, it is simply a temporary cease fire line which marks a cessation of military hostilities between two antagonists and is expected to remain in place until the dispute is resolved. Two, the valley of Kashmir along with some Northern areas, must be given independence. This option although sounds very well, yet from India’s point of view it is not beneficial because an independent Kashmir bordering China will become a permanent thereat to India. Three, Northern areas in control of Pakistan whereas Jammu and Laddakh should be given under trusteeship of United Nations for twenty years in order to eliminate the Pakistan and Indian influence and than after twenty years it should be asked from the people of Kashmir whether they want to become independent or they want to become a part of Pakistan or India. In the light of above mentioned options for the solution of Kashmir issue, the third option is very much applicable as it looks neutral in all respects. So, conceived in this way, it is a reality that Kashmir continues to define parameters of the Pak-India relationship. And unless it is resolved there is a detente between these two states, there con not be meaningful stability in South Asia, which would allow India the power status is seeks. But as a matter of fact, India has ignored the realities of history its own leaders commitments to a plebiscite in Kashmir, India has denied itself a role commensurate with its power indicators. This is the time now that India must act with the confidence of a great power and more beyond its unacceptable status quo stance in Kashmir. It is clear that India can not maintain status quo in Kashmir indefinitely that is untenable. Even if Kargil had not happen in 1999, India would have had to accept that it has failed to make Kashmir an integral part of Indian Union through a bizarre mix of the use of military force and elections. Despite the horrible facts of Indian repression in the valley and the failure of lot of efforts mentioned above one may hope that according to the concrete stance taken by Pakistan the things will be changed for Kashmiris and that day is not far away when the Kashmiris will get the reward of their sacrifices and hey would also be able to get the palm. How to cite Kashmir Issue, Essay examples

Erp Failure free essay sample

I Hershey Foods Corporation: Failure and Success with Information Technology Point of View Managerial Point of View Objective To examine the reasons behind the SAP AG’S R/3 ERP implementation failure at Hershey’s Food Corporation Problem What could have done otherwise to avoid the SAP AG’S R/3 ERP implementation failure at Hershey’s Food Corporation? Areas of Consideration In late 1996, Hershey Foods Corporation the leading manufacturer of chocolates, confectionaries and beverages in United States of America began modernizing hardware and software systems in the company. In an attempt to manage Y2K issues, it chose to replace those systems and shift to client/server environment, which suggest that the company had pressing needs which forced the implementation. It was to switch over to the new ERP system by April 1999 as per original plan. It chose three software vendors SAP, Manugistics, and Siebel for implementing different software modules. The company spent $112 million and 30 months on their ERP project. The project was running as per schedule till January 1999, and when it came to the final phase of the implementation, the company faltered. Time pressed, they went live in July 1999 which led the company experienced several problems pushing orders through the system, resulting in shipping delays and deliveries of incomplete orders. The retailers who ordered for Hersheys products could not get them on time, even though the company had ample supplies stocked at its warehouses. However, it was too late for Hershey to respond to this problem. As a result, Hersheys revenues dropped. Many reasons have been cited for the Hershey ERP failure. One, the project was originally scheduled to take four years, but the company forced the implementation to go live in just 30 months. Two, the company simultaneously implemented a customer-relations package and a logistics package, largely increasing the overall complexity and employee learning curve. Three, the company went live at their busiest time of the year, just before Halloween, and the resulting delays caused profits to fall. Though SAP was blamed for Hersheys disaster, the companys management viewed it differently. Hence, the top management of the company as well as industry analysts began looking at other reasons for the problems at Hershey. Alternative Courses of Action 1. Before opting to deploy a new ERP system, try to consider upgrading your old version of system rather than instantly launching for a new one. Before trying to replace those systems and shifting to new ones, try to know the factors affecting or contributing to success and failures that you might encounter along the implementation. Evaluate the needs first before making a decision. Also before opting to deploy a new system, try to stabilize first the phases of its implementation before going on live. Make sure that the old version of system is running standstill during the first phase of implementation of the new system. Lest the new system suddenly fall short, you still have the old version of system to back you up during mid-operations. 2. Never have multiple vendors within one project. ERP systems must be installed in a more staged manner, especially when applications from multiple vendors are involved. Roll out the modules in stages and don’t attempt to implement other applications simultaneously. 3. Choose the right time for implementation. Implementing it in a wrong time is a messed up. The company would have very well avoided this trouble if only they thought of going ahead with ERP during those occasions when the business process in the whole market experiences a slow movement. And never went to the extent of spending the whole time and efforts on implementing ERP. This will disrupt the normal functioning of the business and creates confusion in the company. Since attention was wholly diverted to ERP it was not possible to rectify the uncertainties that emerged in the business as a result of ERP. . Effective testing and scheduling. Effective testing in an ERP implementation can lessen exposure to failure risks and damages. Never opt to quicken the implementation process, where several modules are implemented simultaneously. The company must ensure that the system is fully tested and ready for implementation. If possible, plan the ERP project to go-live date during the company’s slow periods. Effective scheduli ng is important in ERP implementations because the process is lengthy, complicated and delays can increase large costs. However, management must review closely the need for extending the timeline to ensure success of the project. TOWS Threats ERP Implementation in Hershey Foods Corporation can be a difficult, time-consuming, and expensive project for the company. The technology is tightly integrated and requires a commitment from all division. It can take years to complete and cost risks. Moreover, there is no guarantee of the outcome. If not properly planned for, the investment may drive Hershey out of business. Opportunities Hershey made efforts to stabilize SAP and other systems. Hershey’s recent upgrade of its ERP system to R/3 version 4. was completed 20 percent under budget and without any of the order processing and product-shipment disruptions that marred the initial $112 million rollout in 1999. It was able to make more than 30 improvements to its core business processes within 60 days of going live. The company cited enhancements such as the automation of pick-list processing and mate rials management invoice verification, plus credit processing for distributors to military customers. These improvements have helped reduce costs and speed up processing times. It has also â€Å"achieved a near-zero-defect production environment† with R/3 4. and is using SAP’S business analysis tools to measure the impact of sales and marketing programs as they happen. Weakness Hershey wouldn’t specify whether the problems stemmed from its configuration of the system or the software itself. The top management of the company as well as industry analysts began looking at the reasons for the problems at Hershey. Though SAP was blamed for Hersheys disaster, the companys management viewed it differently: Hershey decided to take shortcuts since the project was originally scheduled to take four years, but the company forced the implementation to go live in just 30 months. Thus, Hershey’s experiences illustrate the fact that most troubled ERP rollouts are caused by project management issues, not faulty software. Strengths By experiencing this kind of failures Hershey Foods Corporation’s IT Staff was able to exceed its delivery commitments for the project because of strong program management and executive leadership, diligent planning and an extensive testing and training plan. This time the implementation underwent extensive testing. Hershey made sure to take the time and resources to thoroughly test the computer systems. Conclusion Consider alternative course of action no. 1 Failures in major business/IT projects continue to occur to large companies like Hershey Foods Corporation with so much IT expertise and financial resources. These mistakes cost the price in the long run. Hershey has learned valuable lessons from their SAP implementation and these lessons are to move slower and be more methodical. The lessons learnt can as well serve as indication for failure or bankruptcy by driving you out of the business path. Hershey’s failure should caution any company that chooses to implement such broad application and make sure that system will function smoothly before entering peak sales period. There is one final aspect to be considered in any degree of project failure. All success is rooted in either luck or failure. If you begin with luck, you learn nothing but arrogance. However, if you begin with failure and learn to evaluate it, you also learn to succeed. Failure begets knowledge. Out of knowledge you gain wisdom, and it is with wisdom that you can become truly successful. Recommendation Before committing to a specific ERP software package, companies like Hershey Foods Corporation need to take the time to evaluate their ERP needs. They need to define in advance: 1. How they want to run their business? 2. What problems need to be resolved? 3. What are their priorities? 4. What are the current processes – what works and what doesn’t in the implementation plan? 5. What software will best resolve their problems, meet their goals and priorities?